This report presents the analysis of maize production costs and returns for zambia, with a special focus on improved types of maize relevant to the crm program, based on the 201011, 201112, 2012, and 2014 zambia crop forecast survey cfs data sets. The objectives of cimmyts maize breeding and seed systems work are to. Seed production, t9ting and handling 219 chapter 11. Maize hybrid seed production manual excellenceinbreeding. The user is free to download, print, store and share this work.
With the increased attention of private seed sector towards autumn maize and growing interest in hybrid plantation by farmers of irrigated plans, the over all production of maize is expected to increase. Maize production origin, maize global scenario maize production in kamataka maize production in the study area problems of maize production uti 1 ization pattern of maize marketing of maize farm gate price of maize b. Maize is common millet of india with wider industrial and household utility. Development and identification for parental lines 2. The public institutions producing seeds are mainly concentrating on open pollinated varieties of 60 percent and the private seed companies meeting the requirement of hybrid seed and other transgenic crops to fill up the gap. Large quantities need to be kept in a raised crib or granary. Early planting with the right seed co maize hybrid, together with fertiliser and manure and the control of early weeds will make a large difference to the productivity of farmers fields.
Maize breeding and seed production by farmers was once the norm figure 1. It is used a feed, food and raw material in soft drink industry. Integrated nutrient management in maize zea mays l. For commercial production of maize hybrid seed, male and female inbred parent lines are planted alternately, in adjacent rows, in isolated fields and allowed to open. A practical guide to basic concepts and workflows for quality hybrid maize seed production. Managing hybrid seed production involves two parallel processes. Limagrain introduces its new rapekale hybrid variety unicorn. Zambia, 201011 to 2014 ryan vroegindewey eric crawford gcfsi publication series zambia report no. Globally, maize is known as queen of cereals because it has the highest genetic yield potential among the cereals.
Introduction maize zea mays l is the most important and most widely distributed cereal in the world after wheat and rice. It is during the vegetative stage that the plant establishes full potential of photosynthetic capacity to convert carbon dioxide and water into carbohydrates and develop strong and healthy plants. Maize seed stores well at a moisture content of 12 %. Seed rate seed rate for hybrid maize is 8 10 kg per acre in the case of ridges sowing. Petition for the determination of nonregulated status for. In agriculture and gardening, hybrid seed is produced by crosspollinated plants. However, onfarm maize breeding and efforts to improve onfarm seed production were dropped after the 1930s in most of the united states once successful hybrids were released 10,2224. Varietal choice the choice of variety depends on the yield potential, season length, anticipated disease problems and use.
You can judge seed moisture content by biting the seed. Growing maize in nigeria choice of land any well drained sandy loam or loamy soil can be used for planting maize but if in doubt, contact your nearest extension office or agroservice center. Field experiment was conducted at breeder seed production farm of mahatma phule krishi vidyapeeth, rahuri for two consecutive kharif seasons of years 2010 and 2011 to find out most efficient and economic combination of different organic and inorganic sources of nutrients to increase the productivity of hybrid maize zea mays l. Due to constant changes in laws that regulate pesticide use, the reader is encouraged to contact the appropriate extension office for the most current information. For production of foundation seed, breeder seed is used as the base material, while for certified seed, foundation seed should be used as the base. Seed business management book international maize and wheat. This waxy maize is composed entirely of amyl pectin, in contrast with common maize which contains approximately 78 percent of starch and 22 percent of amylose. Seed business management book international maize and. This hybrid vigor, or heterosis, occurs when crossing two genetically unrelated inbred parents to create a hybrid. In 2019, maize production for malawi was 3,400 tonnes. Though malawi maize production fluctuated substantially in recent years, it tended to increase through 1970 2019 period ending at 3,400 tonnes in 2019.
Trade in maize seed and intentional outcrossing with introduced types are practicesancient 1416. Home book icar ecourse agriculture principles of seed technology pdf book. Although use of opv instead of hybrid seed is a backward step in terms of expected grain yield, improved opvs represent an economical option for resourcepoor maize farmers in marginal areas or. Cimmyt manages intellectual assets as international public goods. Botanically it is known as zea mays and belongs to the family poaceae.
Incorporating male sterility into hybrid seed production reduces its cost and ensures high varietal purity. Limagrain group video demonstrating the production of hybrid maize seeds, from sowing to delivery. Jicarrne and good neighbours nepal has helped much more for the preparation, correction, edition, all other related works and funding. Small quantities of cobs can be bundled and hung indoors. The production of certified seed for maize double hybrids is based on the crossing of two simple maize hybrids, one of which is used as a seed producer maternal form, axb and another as. The most productive and desirable hybrid seed obtained from the female parent when there is a perfect coincidence of stigma receptiveness and pollen viability. Thus, from the very start of hybrid seed production, the identity. Quality seed production can also contribute to food security via increasing productivity. Obviously, time of pollination plays a crucial role in hybrid seed production of bhendi. Develop genetically diverse, highyielding maize inbred lines and hybrids, combining multiplestress tolerance, nutrient use efficiency, enhanced nutritional quality, and desirable seed production properties for target production zones. Production of hybrid maize seeds, from sowing to delivery. In the case of the sweet maize, the sugary gene retards the normal conversion of sugar within.
Definitions a general a hybrid is the first generation progeny of a cross between two genetically different plants. However, onfarm maize breeding and efforts to improve onfarm seed. Globally, maize is known as queen of cereals because it has the. The study was undertaken on production and marketing scenario, farmers perception and efficiency of hybrid rice and maize producers in bangladesh. Hybrid maize from maslaha seed company sdm 1 out yielded all other varieties in both 20, 2014 and combine 4490. However, the quality of hybrid seed depends greatly on field production methods, both in adherence to quality assurance standards and implementation of.
Hybrid maize generates high yields, increased value and reduced production costs. One inbred line is selected as the pollen donor male parent and the other as the pollen recipient female parent on which the hybrid seed will develop. This type of hybrid maize is used for specialty products of the wetmilling starch industry. Nafziger encyclopedia of life support systems eolss 1. Introduction maize zea mays l is one of the most versatile emerging crops having wider adaptability under varied agroclimatic conditions. Production of single crosses maize, figure 1 a planting ratios b planting datesnick 4. Successful maize production depends on the correct application of production inputs that will sustain the environment as well as agricultural production. Este item aparece en las siguientes coleccionones maize maize breeding, phytopathology, entomology, physiology, quality, and biotech. Maize seedling growth stages vegetative stage this stage lasts from emergency to tasseling. Baduapraku training course on increasing the capacity of research technicians in breeding. Jul 15, 2017 with the increased attention of private seed sector towards autumn maize and growing interest in hybrid plantation by farmers of irrigated plans, the over all production of maize is expected to increase, resulting higher productivity per unit area. Seed production techniques for cereals and millets the revitalizing rainfed agriculture network rran is a growing network of civil society organizations, research institutions, policy makers, donors.
Construction of a male sterility system for hybrid rice. After the introduction of hybrid maize during the 1990s, farmers have gradually shifted to hybrid maize from traditionalopen pollinated varieties opvs as hybrid maize has increased production from a mere 30 maundacre to 80120 maundacre. Kpk contributes 56 per cent of the total area and 63 per cent of the. It also includes the staple vegetative planting materials such as cassava and potatoes. It also includes the staple vegetative planting materials such as. At the national level, hybrid and ordinary maize should be reported separately owing to widely different yields and. Maize production manual volume i chapters 19 manual series no. The alternatives to hybridization are open pollination and clonal propagation. The production of handproduced f 1 hybrid seed of other plants, including ornamental flowers. Food and agriculture organization of the united nations, 1976.
Assessing the constraints affecting production and. Male female plants grown from hybrid seed are bigger, stronger and more vigorous than either of. The international maize and wheat improvement center, known by its spanish acronym, cimmyt. Hybrid seed production is predominant in modern agriculture and home gardening. Data from400 farmers and 40 seed dealerswere collected fromdinajpur, sherpur, gopalganj. Land preparation use any method mechanical, chemical and manual that can adequately remove weeds and keep the soil loose for good seedbed. Comparism of yield potential of hybrids and open pollinated. An overview of maize processing chemical composition of maize. Maize remains a key food crop in africa, latin america and asia where it is primarily used as human food. By far the greatest development of hybrid varieties has been in corn maize, primarily because its male flowers tassels and female flowers incipient ears are separate and easy to handle, thus proving economical for the production of hybrid seed. Unesco eolss sample chapters soils, plant growth and crop production vol. There is a wide gap between quality seed production and its distribution at farmers. Hybrid seed production is a stepwise process, with each step influencing the following steps figure 5. The male sterile line generated by this system was tested for hybrid breeding, and the results show great practical potential of the system in.
It is one of the main contributors to the dramatic rise in agricultural output during the last half of the 20th century. However, little of this maize is consumed directly by humans. Varietal choice the choice of variety depends on the yield potential, season. Aug 02, 2011 hybrid seed production technology of maize 1. The globalization of hybrid maize, 192170 journal of. Maize seed production technique manual 3 there are many pockets area for quality seed production in midhill region, which is also easily accessible to remote farmers. Hybrid maize seed production involves deliberately crossing a female parent population with a male parent in isolated fields.